What is information technology? Understanding information technology (it) in General is a study of the design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly the hardware and the software.
In other words, the definition of information technology (Information Technology) is the variety of facilities which consist of hardware and software to support and enhance the quality of information for the public with quick and quality.
According to Wikipedia, the understanding of information technology in language is a term in any field of technology in people's lives to change, help, communicate, store and disseminate information.
Information technology (it) is not only important as a communication tool via electronic only, but rather is an important device that is supposed to have in your business as a means to coordinate and archiving important documents.
Understanding Information Technology Experts
Some experts in the field of computer science and technology never describes the definition of information technology, such as:
1. Mc Kewon
According to Mc Keown, understanding Information Technology are all the forms of technology used to create, modify, store and use information in all its forms.2. the Hague and Keen
According to the Hague and Keen sense, information technology is a set of tools that assist with information as well as perform tasks related to the processing of information.3. Martin
According to Martin, IT's not just limited to the Hardware and Software that is used to process and store information, but also includes a communication technology that sends an information.4. Lucas
According to Lucas, the understanding of information technology is any technology that is applied to process and transmit information on the Web.5. Williams and Sawyer
According to Williams and Sawyer, the understanding of information technology is a technology that combines computers with high-speed communication lines which can carry data, voice, and video.6. The Information Technology Association of America (ITAA)
According to the ITAA, the definition of information technology is the process of processing, storage and distribution of information display, vocal, text and numeric through micro electronics-based combination of telecommunications and computing.History of Information Technology
Information and communication technologies are evolving very rapidly now uses the technology hardware and software hardware software with small but size capability and capacity is very high. This development also makes a wide range of activities we implemented quickly, precisely and accurately, even information technology has been used in government systems such as e-government, e-commerce, e-education, e-medicine, e-laboratory, and others.
All of that development is inseparable from the history of a long travel researchers or scientists who are trying to continue to improve and reduce the weaknesses of an information and communication technology. Perhaps many who do not know and perhaps even do not know at all about the history of development of communication technology we enjoy today. To that end, this time we will discuss in detail about the history of the development of information and communication technology in the world are we going to into 3 parts, namely pre-history, history, and modern times.
A. Pre-history (... s/d 3000 BC)
During the pre-history information that is obtained or the information will be given drawn on the walls of caves, rocks, cliffs or land that has the hard contours. The ability to identify objects or things existing around the neighborhood during the pre-historic, that which will communicate an information.The next known pre-historic humans started making and using tools that generate sound to communicate. In addition to communicating, tools such as drums, trumpet of horns, smoke and so on are also used as markers when danger came.
B. Historical Period (3000 BC s/d 1400 M 20s)
At this time is divided into 8 sections, among others:1. In the period 3000 BC
Where at the time of commencement of the period of human history and the little multitude can already pull out the voice and speaking, information is used as part of a ritual or ceremony. Humans began to recognize symbol or writing to communicate and provide information. According to the record, the people of Sumer is the first inventor of the symbols and phrases. They form the symbol and the writing of pictograf as the letters with the addition of symbols such as point or any other form, so that different forms of different then its meaning.2. The year 2900 BC
The Nations of Ancient Egypt have found and use the letters called Hierogliph for each expression that many found on the rocks, building up to the skin-bark and animal. Writing and language hierogliph from Egypt is even more advanced than the writings made by the Sumerian peoples 100 years earlier.3. In the year 500 BC
Long after the nation of Egypt found hierogliph as the media dissemination of information, also used clay to write. Usage is by swiping or making a clay slab on a media or tools are made of trees growing papyrus fibers surrounding the Nile. The use of papyrus tree fibers as a tool or medium to write down this information, because a tree papyrus fibers is considered a pliable and stronger and not easily damaged. Now this papyrus tree fibers, we are familiar with the term paper.4. In the year 1455
Enter the era of the man who arguably almost modern was undertaken an attempt to invent the printing press made of iron plates are shaped in such a way so as to produce the letter. Johann Gutenberg was the person who first developed the printing press with iron plates and Johann Gutenberg the iron plate with replacing a frame made of wood.5. In 1830
Lady Augusta Byron partners with Charles Babbage created a writing program on the computer by using an analytical engine designed to receive data, process data and generate the output form data. The engine was eventually known as the first digital computer although its use still use mechanical systems and into the beginning of the creation of a digital computer first 94 years later named ENIAC I.6. In the year 1837
Samuel Morse along with Sir William Cook and Sir Charles Wheatstone developed a telegraph using morse code. The delivery of this information is to use the cable as a conduit between places that are far apart with time sending and receiving nearly the same. Finally, what was invented by Samuel Morse along with Sir William Cook and Sir Charles Wheatstone allows information can be accepted and used without the limited distance and time.7. In the year 1861
Virtue of a method for displaying information in the form of pictures. So that the picture can move, a system program works by memperoyeksikannya into a screen. This discovery is the beginning of the discovery film technology that continues to grow every year and even the progress of film technology now seems to make all the movies scenes look real.8. In the year 1876
Melvyl Dewey Decimal writing develops, and next year or in the year 1877 Alexander Graham Bell developed a telephone for use in General. Edweard Maybridge that same year also found the high-speed photography, until finally in 1899 the first time used a system of data storage in the form of magnetic tape.C. the period of Years 1900-an
In addition, during the 1900 's, the information technologies growing rapidly, following the development of information technology on 1900s. Among other things:The year 1923 Zvorkyn created the Television for the first time with a tube shape and size is fairly large, with a still black and white coloring.
The year 1945 Vannevar Bush developed a coding using a hypertext system.
The year 1946 successfully developed the world's first digital computer a named ENIAC I.
The year 1948 a group of researchers at Bell Telephone Company successfully developed the Transistor.
The year 1957 Jean Hoerni successfully developed back existing Transistors and planar Transistor is named. This is the technology that became the starting point for the development of millions of Transistors to be placed into small pieces of silicon crystals. During this period, USSR (names of Russia at that time) launched the first artificial satellite Sputnik as an assignment as a spy. To counter the actions of the USSR, America also finally formed ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) commanded by the Ministry of Defense of the Americas. Their goal was to develop a science and technology information in the military field. So in 1962 Rand Paul Barand one company RAND scientist appointed to the decentralized network system develop is able to control the bomb and nuclear-fired missiles.
The year 1969 the University of California, SRI (in Stanford), University of California Santa Barbara, and the University of Utah managed to develop the first internet network system by connecting 4 point to the power of 50 Kbps.
The year 1972 Ray Tomlinson managed to create a program delivery of electronic mail that can be sent and received in about the same time that we know by the name of e-mail.
The year 1973 the internet were introduced into a writing TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol) which was later developed by a group of DARPA, known as TCP/IP.
The year 1981 National Science Foundation developed the backbone with a capacity of 56 Kbps which is called the CSNET. CSNET is used for each of the institutions in the Government.
The year 1986 IETF successfully developed a server as a means of connectivity, coordination and communication between DARPA and DDN, ARPANET, Internet Gateway.
The year 1991 business system in the field of IT first began the third month a company called CERN tackle operational costs by way of levy paid from its members.
The year 1992 was the first time the internet community by CERN and at that time also introduced the term WWW (World Wide Web).
The year 1993 NSF InterNIC form that provides internet services for the purposes of the directory, data storage is using a database (AT&T), the registration service (Network Solution Inc.), and information services (General Atomics/CERFnet).
The year 1994 the internet is evolving very quickly and into every layer of human life and not separated anymore.
The year of 1995 many companies into providers by buying the network in the backbone, which is ultimately used as part of internet technology to develop, other research and development with the purpose to get the systems and tools more sophisticated again.
The Function Of Information Technology
In general there are six functions for humans, such as:
1. Capture
IT can compile detailed records of various activities. For example, accept input from the keyboard, scanner, mic, and more.
2. Processing
IT can manipulate/process data input is received which is then converted into new information. Though this data can be in the form of a conversion, analyze, compute, to the incorporation of various forms of information and data.
3. Yield (Generating)
IT will generate or organize information into a useful form. For example, graphs, tables, calculations, etc.
4. Store (Storage)
IT can record information and data into a medium that could then be used for other purposes. Misalnnya data is stored into flasdisk, CD, and hard drive.
5. Looking back (Retrival)
IT is able to locate and retrace the information and data that has been saved. For example looking for client data that have yet to make the payment.
6. As transmission (Transmission)
IT can send data and informas from one location to another by making use of computer networks. For example to send sales data to other teams in different locations.
Information Technology Components
Information technology in activities there are 5 main components in it, namely:
1. Hardware (Hardware)
Hardware (read: Understanding Hardware) this is a computer device used by an operator or brainware. The hardware consists of:
- Processor
- Memory card
- Peripherals (input and output device)
- Data cable
2. Software (Software)
Software is a media that bridges between the hardware and brainware (operator). This software can help optimize the function of the harware with translating various instructions given by the operator.
Software can be divided into two, namely:
A. System Software
Software system or we are familiar with the operating system (OS). With the OS then the hardware can run software applications for use by user or operator.
Some of the popular OS include:
- Windows
- Linux
- UNIX
B. Software Applications
This is a supporting application that resides in the OS to maximize computer performance. Some Software applications that are quite popular are:
- Microsoft Office
- Photoshop
- CorelDRAW
- AutoCAD
3. Infoware
This is a documentation of an information or data.
4. Fireware
This is a permanent storage medium. Its function is as a place to store a variety of data in a computer.
5. Brainware (user)
Brainware is the most important component of information technology. In the absence of Brainware then our computer will be unable to operate because of the actual function of the computer is a tool supporting the needs of a user.
Information Technology Examples
Information technology equipment is equipment used to get a needed information through print or electronic media. The equipment included a Newspaper.
The newspaper usually printed on paper with cheap cost (newsprint) that contains a collection of the latest news with a variety of topics, such as crime, sports, editorial, and so on. The newspaper is usually published daily, except on holidays. There is also a newspaper published each afternoon. In addition, there is also a weekly newspaper that is usually smaller and less prestigious than with newspapers, and its contents are usually entertaining.
1. Magazines
The magazine is defined as a collection of news, articles, stories, advertisements, and so on which are printed in sheets of paper of various sizes and company, at least have the specially designed face. Magazines published periodically, is not published on a daily basis, such as weekly or monthly.
2. Television
Television is electronic equipment that is used to convey information in the form of moving images (video) and sound and can be viewed from a distance. Television is a mass of works developed from year to year. In its development, there are many parties involved, among others, inventors or innovators, business entities. Television can also be a means of entertainment.
3. Radio
Radio electronic equipment is used to convey information in the form of sound from the transmitter station through a predetermined frequency.
4. Calculator
The calculator is a tool that is used to obtain information the results of calculation of the figures. A regular calculator is used to determine the results of the addition, subtraction, multiplication, Division, and other values count large in number.
5. Cash Register
The cash register is a device used to obtain payment information at checkout. Cash registers can be found in supermarkets, convenience stores, supermarkets, and so on. The difference with the calculators is at the cash register there are rolls of paper to print the results of the calculation of the total cost of the information form.
6. Computer
Computer is a device consisting of hardware and software to help people in the process data into information and save it to be shown at a later time. Computer-generated information can be either text, pictures, sound, video, or animation.
7. Laptop/Notebook
Laptop/notebook is equipment that functions the same with computers, but have a more practical because it can be folded and dibawabawa, as well as using the battery charger so that aid can be used without the use of electricity.
The Goal Of Information Technology
The goal of information technology is to solve a problem, open the creativity, enhance effectiveness and efficiency in performing the work. So it can be said because she needed troubleshooting, open up creativity and human efficiency in doing work, be the cause or underlying the creation of information technology. By having information technology make human work easier and more efficient.
Importance of Information Technology
Globalization is a process that includes overall in many different areas of life so it doesn't seem to mention the existence of a binding limits significantly, making it hard for screened or controlled. "Globalization has the dimensions of ideology and technology. The dimensions of ideology, namely capitalism and free markets, while information technology is the dimension that has been uniting the world". Globalization is a very rapid growth of interdependence and the relationship between the countries in the world in terms of trade and finance.
In the current year is already almost all the work of the education, corporate, and Government use of information and communication technologies in an increasingly sophisticated era karenakan and also practical work related to making technology the faster the job finished with new ideas about technology. In education to make students more quickly and get the information from the Internet, the company also makes the workers more quickly complete the job that make a liability company developed rapidly, and the last of the Government makes its way to the State, education, company more directional and make the country's economic needs, the needs of other Government also guaranteed
And that's why the importance of information and communication technology in the era of globalization that makes us run a job faster and more practical.